naptar.lap.hu / Naptárreform

The World Calendar was introduced by Elisabeth Achelis in 1930. She founded the World Calendar Association October 21 of the same year. It was gaining great international support until World War II interrupted civilized discussion. Reintroduced to the United Nations after the war, world-wide adoption was thwarted by the United States in 1955. The organization moved to Ottawa and became the International World Calendar Association. Sadly, the UN setback led to demoralization of World Calendar supporters. Now, with the advent of the internet, there is again a small movement for adoption of the World Calendar voicing its support. The World Calendar consists of 12 months, divided into four quarters. Each quarter begins on a Sunday, with a 31-day month. This is followed by two 30-day months. At the end of the year, an extra day is appended to bring the total number of days to 365. This is called World Day and does not have a weekday designation. It is conceived of as an international holiday much like New Year's Eve. Every fourth year, an extra day is added to the sixth month. It too has no weekday designation, and is thought of as an international holiday. By this method, we would have the same calendar for every year. If, by some miracle, the world should decide to come to its senses, it would be simplest to pick a year that begins on a Sunday, i.e. 2006, 2012, 2017, 2023, 2034, 2040, 2045, 2051, 2062, 2068, 2073, 2079, 2090, or 2096. (2012, 2040, 2068, and 2096 are leap years, but that is not a problem.) If the change doesn't happen in the 21st century, we may as well forget it!

Annus Novus Decimal Calendar Conscious of the potentially negative impact of cultural chauvinism on its activities the Empire of Atlantium has a history of striving to develop systems and symbolism that reflect its innovative, inclusive, secular, global, cross-cultural and trans-national nature. As early as 10505 (1986) the Imperial Senate considered the introduction of alternatives to the inefficient, sectarian Gregorian calendar and dating system which remains in use throughout much of the first world.

A calendar is an instrument of society. Frequently offering guidance on weather and agricultural regimes, a calendar determines or influences the timing of religious festivals, civil and personal celebrations, the term of loans and contracts - anything, in fact, which is repeated cyclically or is set to occur or expire at some particular moment in the future. Apart from the day, a fundamental unit of human existence, a calendar may be constructed with regard to almost any combination of natural and artificial periods: weeks, lunar months, calendar months, solar and sidereal years, etc. Much astronomical work has been motivated by the need to maintain an existing calendar or establish the basis of a new one. In particular, astronomers have served calendrics through observations of the occurrences of particular phenomena (equinoxes, solstices, new moons, heliacal star risings) and the determination of the astronomical units of time and the relationship between them.

A szökőév olyan év, amely több napot tartalmaz az év szokásos hosszánál azért, hogy a naptárt szinkronba hozza a csillagászati (tropikus évvel) vagy évszakok szerinti idővel (latinul: annus bissextilis, azaz 'szökőnapos év'). Az évszakok és a csillagászati események nem egész számú napok szerint ismétlődnek, ezért a naptár, ami ugyanannyi napot tartalmaz, minden évben elcsúszik a világ eseményeihez képest. Ha időnként beillesztünk egy plusz napot az évbe – vagy egyéb módon időnként módosítunk az év hosszán – akkor ez a csúszás korrigálható. A szökőnapokat – melyek a naptárat hangolják össze a csillagászati év hosszával – nem szabad összekeverni a szökőmásodpercekkel vagy „ugrómásodpercekkel”, amelyek az órát hozzák szinkronba a nap hosszával.

A nemzetközi időzónákat hagyományosan a greenwichi obszervatórium 0 hosszúsági körétől számítják ez a Greenwich Mean Time, GMT, greenwichi középidő. Az ettől a hosszúsági körtől 15°-onként K-re eső hosszúsági körök a GMT-től 1 v. több órával "előre" vannak (pl. ha Londonban du. 2 óra van akkor a K-i időzónákban du. 3 óra v. később van). A GMT-től előre lévő időket + jel jelöli, pl. GMT + 3, GMT + 4/8. Az ettől a ponttól 15°-onként Ny-ra eső hosszúsági körök a GMT "mögött" vannak 1 v. több órával (pl. ha Londonban du. 2 óra van akkor a Ny-i időzónákban du. 1 óra v. annál korábban van). A GMT-nél korábbi időket - jel jelöli, pl. GMT -3, GMT - 4/8. Néhány országban a szokásostól eltérő időzónákat használnak. Emellett több ország nyáron áttér a nyári időszámításra (Summer Time), amely a táblázatban megadotthoz képest 1 órával előbbre van.

A calendar has been used over the centuries in nearly every civilization. Its purpose is to provide a method of measuring time and to allow man to record and calculate dates and events. The calendar has changed dramatically over the years, and family historians who research colonial records will soon realize that even as recently as 1750, the calendar was different. A basic knowledge of the 1752 calendar change during the colonial period of American history will help with family history research.